Bit Manipulation

Basics

Not 1 = 0
Not 0 = 1

And

1 & 1 = 1
1 & 0 = 0
0 & 1 = 0
0 & 0 = 0

OR

1 | 1 = 1
1 | 0 = 1
0 | 1 = 1
0 | 0 = 0

XOR

1 ^ 1 = 1
1 ^ 0 = 0
0 ^ 1 = 0
0 ^ 0 = 1

Bit Shifting

<< k left-shifts by k bits. It drops off the k left most bits and adds new bits on the k right most positions set them to 0. This is equivalent to multiplying by $2^k$.

>> k right-shifts by k bits. It drops off the k right most bits and adds new bits on the k left most positions set them to 0. This is equivalent to dividing by $2^k$.

Masking

&0 to turn off all bits.

|1 to turn on all bits.